Advanced Binocular Vision (ABV) Exam 2 Practice

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• To facilitate accommodative therapy, which working-distance adjustment is recommended when using plus lenses?
• Near point of convergence (NPC) refers to the:
• Maddox rod test is used primarily to:
• How do deficits in saccade and pursuit affect binocular function?
• Before starting accommodative testing, what must be ensured about the patient?
• NRA, PRA, and binocular facility are what in relation to accommodation and vergence?
• During NRV/PRV testing, which sequence accurately describes changes before and after blur and the overall vergence measurement?
• The hallmark sign of accommodative insufficiency is best described as:
• After determining the RX and tentative add, which tests should be repeated to ensure comfort and function improvement?
• ABV goals include diagnosing and treating which disorders?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, which distance tests central suppression?
• Ill sustained accommodation is characterized by which pattern?
• How does anisometropia affect stereoacuity?
• NFV is the vergence response that diverges to overcome which demand?
• If diplopia is the endpoint during testing, what does that indicate?
• Suppression is typically caused by fusional stress such as tropias and can also be caused by what condition?
• Base-out prisms affect vergence by increasing which demand?
• Which tool can be used to perform accommodative facility testing with suppression cues by presenting lines to only one eye?
• Why are pediatric ABV norms different from adult norms?
• MEM is a dynamic retinoscopy method used to assess accommodative posture in non-presbyopes; which statement is true?
• Which statement defines Positive Relative Vergence (PRV)?
• When refractive error is unknown, uncorrected myopia tends to produce higher accommodative amplitudes while hyperopia tends to produce lower amplitudes.
• In Nott retinoscopy, how is the presence of a lag determined?
• Which combination describes a patient who tends to perform poorly on binoc accommodative facility testing due to minus-side difficulty?
• In binocular vision terminology, CI stands for convergence insufficiency.
• NRA is described as what in relation to accommodation and convergence?
• Worth 4-Dot test is used to:
• The Stereo Fly test measures gross stereo at which disparity?
• MEM retinoscopy indicates a relative lead when which response is observed?
• Pseudo convergence insufficiency is best described as what?
• What are typical normative NPC break ranges in healthy adults?
• Which fusion type is associated with depth perception?
• In ABV rehabilitation, what is the role of vision therapy?
• Which two tests are used to assess stereoacuity thresholds?
• What is demonstrated by accommodative studies?
• Fine stereopsis is generated within what angular distance from the fovea?
• In the Pola mirror procedure, suppression is indicated by what observation?
• PFV is the vergence response that serves to overcome which type of prism demand, and it is tested with which method?
• Normal CA/C ratio is which of the following?
• What is a common objective of ABV testing battery?
• Two tests needed to diagnose accommodative dysfunction are what two tests?
• Donders pull-away yields lower amplitudes and is primarily used for which groups?
• Which statement about color fusion is true?
• Which phenomenon explains why push-up measurements show higher amplitudes despite distance magnification?
• What is the purpose of a cover test in ABV?
• Which test incorporates true depth into its design and does not require glasses?
• Maddox rod ridges orientation when measuring vertical deviations?
• The TV trainer is best described as what type of therapy?
• Which should come first in training, amplitudes or speed?
• What management options are commonly used to address aniseikonia in ABV?
• A very low PRA may indicate which of the following?
• Divergence excess is often associated with which AC/A characteristic?
• In the Pola mirror test, which statement accurately identifies suppression?
• Brewster near: The ortho separation is which value?
• How does aniseikonia affect ABV?
• What does the CA/C ratio measure?
• The Lang stereo test does not require glasses to see depth. Which statement is true about it?
• Typical near point of convergence break value is approximately:
• Anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) occurs when:
• What is the difference between PFV and PRV?
• In Amblyomaze, which combination describes which eye sees the maze and which sees the light?
• The amount of accommodation change in vergence accommodation is determined by which ratio?
• Objects off the horopter can produce diplopia or suppression unless fusion is achieved because they stimulate non-corresponding retinal points. Which statement best reflects this idea?
• In the Vis-a-Vis test, suppression is determined by which observation?
• Physiological diplopia is characterized by
• What is the practical importance of the AC/A ratio?
• Which statement about suppression is true?
• On MEM, a shift towards against motion with a bright pink or white reflex indicates what?
• What does saccadic accuracy measure and why is it relevant to binocular vision?
• For NRA/PRA, which statement correctly describes the behavior of the planes of accommodation and vergence?
• What is the primary clinical use of Bell retinoscopy?
• During Bell retinoscopy, if an initial against motion is observed, what adjustment helps reveal accommodative lag?
• For testing binoc accommodative facility in adults, where should reading material be placed, and what distance should be used for an amplitude of 10 D?
• A lag of accommodation is seen in which binocular vision patterns?
• Which type of accommodation occurs due to a change in vergence and is considered the second most important component?
• What distinguishes stimulus AC/A from response AC/A?
• Accommodation is required when the target is within which range relative to the far point?
• CA/C ratio is a completely separate neurological entity from AC/A. true or false?
• What is the endpoint of Bulls Eye accommodative rock?
• In monocular suppression within a binocular field, which eye should perceive the central target?
• In paralysis of accommodation, the phenomenon can be described as:
• At the start of NRV and PRV testing, what are the typical accommodation and convergence demands to fuse/clear the target?
• Proximal accommodation is stimulated by cues when the target is at what distance?
• Bagolini test is described as:
• What effect does anisometropia have on binocular vision (ABV)?
• When testing NFV at distance, blur should not be expected; if blur occurs, what is the likely explanation?
• Why does Positive Relative Vergence (PRV) not show the full convergent potential of a patient with a phoria?
• Tonic accommodation in young adults is approximately what diopter value, and how does it change with age?
• When starting lens sorting, which two lenses are used?
• Which finding on exam most indicates convergence weakness?
• With time and age, how do Stimulus AC/A and Response AC/A change?
• Which function is least likely to be a primary focus of ABV testing battery?
• In Correct Eye Scope near setting, what is the ortho separation?
• Define exophoria and esophoria.
• How many methods are described for RXing a tentative accommodative add?
• Describe smooth pursuit and its relation to ABV.
• Which statement best describes proximal accommodation?
• Which is the first-line treatment for AE and infacility, which are not plus acceptors?
• Which factors influence PRA magnitude?
• If a disparity falls within Panum's fusional area, what happens?
• What is the maximum minus lens used in lens sorting relative to amplitude?
• During MAF testing, what should you document?
• Why is it important to assess both distance and near alignment?
• AC/A ratio describes which relationship?
• Worth 4 Dot test is used to assess for which type of fusion?
• SOLI responses on lenses are generated due to
• Which option lists the correct proximal vergence value?
• Using MEM values, which approach leaves the patient with a +0.50 Lag?
• What is the Krimsky method?
• CA/C ratio measurement requires adding how many prism diopters of demand?
• Which statement best describes the alternate cover test?
• Which statement best captures the clinical significance of prismatic adaptation?
• In ABV terms, which statement best differentiates strabismus from amblyopia?
• Hirschberg test is used for what clinical purpose?
• Prismatic adaptation refers to what phenomenon and why is it clinically important?
• Donders push-up method tends to overestimate accommodative amplitude by about 2.00 D due to what cause?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of an ideal accommodative therapy study?
• Frisby stereo test does not require glasses and incorporates true depth into its design. Which statement best describes it?
• What components are typically included in binocular vision rehabilitation?
• Minus lens to blur testing yields lower amplitudes than push-up because minus lenses cause what effect?
• What is the horopter?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, which distance tests peripheral suppression?
• What is a typical use of the Maddox rod in strabismus testing?
• In Brewster distance setting, which statement is true?
• Which two tests are cited as necessary to diagnose accommodative dysfunction?
• What are the four components of accommodation?
• Under open-loop conditions, what is expected when lenses are added regarding fusional vergence?
• How does sensory fusion grading inform ABV management?
• Which of the following is a direct measure used to assess depth perception in ABV?
• Bell retinoscopy is a dynamic technique used to assess which aspects of accommodation?
• What does a shortened NPC break distance indicate about convergence ability?
• Which conditions are plus acceptors and should be RXed with plus before therapy?
• Which statement best describes tonic accommodation?
• Which deficits most directly compromise binocular fusion?
• What is the clinical significance of suppression in strabismus?
• What is claimed about the durability of accommodative therapy effects after therapy ends?
• Normal AC/A ratio is?
• In Amblyomaze, which combination is correct regarding stimuli to the eyes?
• Reserves refer to what in vergence testing?
• What are the approximate prevalences of accommodative disorders in the general population and in college students, respectively?
• What MEM finding defines a high accommodative lag?
• Correct Eye Scope distance setting: which statement is true?
• What is a demonstrated effect of vision therapy on accommodation?
• Using the 'over +0.75' MEM method, if MEM is +1.50, what tentative add should you RX?
• During NRA/PRA testing, what must the patient use to keep the target single?
• What is a distinguishing characteristic of Bagolini test compared to other fusion tests?
• In the early stages of accommodative therapy, what should be emphasized?
• A common method to perform monocular suppression testing within a binocular field uses which of the following?
• Which statement about Chirescope tracing is accurate?
• Prism diopters (PD) are used to quantify which aspect of eye alignment?
• Which condition is characterized by difficulty simulating accommodation (low PRA) and leads to premature blur because the person cannot adequately stimulate PRA?
• In Pola mirror testing, what is the typical progression in testing distance?
• For NRV/PRV, which statement correctly describes the planes of accommodation and vergence?
• Lang stereoacuity test does not require glasses and relies on what to create retinal disparity?
• In minus-lens accommodative testing, what extra diopter value must be added to the final calculation regardless of testing distance?
• The alternate cover test is used to:
• How is gradient AC/A measured?
• Name two common binocular vision rehabilitation strategies.
• Which statement best differentiates vergence from accommodation?
• What are the three most important measurements when evaluating accommodative dysfunction?
• Paralysis of accommodation is a pathology primarily due to damage to which structure?
• In an ideal accommodative therapy study, which design feature is included?
• Simultaneous perception is also known as
• Which statement about the Maddox rod's construction is true?
• Convergence insufficiency in ABV terms refers to which pattern?
• Asthenopia in an ABV context is best described as?
• In gradient AC/A, Δvergence/ΔAccommodation expresses which relation?
• Diplopia on NRA testing is most consistent with which of the following?
• What is the normal range for against motion distance in inches during Bell retinoscopy?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of sensory fusion?
• What MEM value range is considered a normal lag?
• 3 levels NF Hart chart: endpoint?
• Monocular rock endpoint?
• What is the approximate normal MAF CPM for a 6-year-old?
• Which statement about minus lenses on perceived size is correct?
• What best describes stereopsis?
• Gradient AC/A calculation involves Δvergence and Δaccommodation; what does Δaccommodation represent?
• When blur is reached, what happens to the plane of accommodation relative to the plane of vergence?
• Motor locks are used to maintain fusion during which type of activities?
• When prisms are placed in front of the eyes, which statement describes how light is bent and the retinal effect?
• Peripheral stereopsis is generated outside the central 5 degrees of the fovea and is also known as what?
• What percentage of patients with binocular vision disorders have accommodative problems?
• Patients who have five or more dots are typically what?
• Van Orden Star: What is the expected separation?
• Low NRA is associated with what conditions?
• On the binocular accommodative facility test (BAF), a result of less than 6 cycles per minute indicates what?
• In vergence testing, what does PFRV stand for?
• Measuring accommodation at 33 cm reduces the effects of spectacle minification compared with testing at 40 cm.
• Which statement defines Positive Fusional Vergence (PFV)?
• A blur error that falls outside the depth of field typically requires what action from the patient?
• Vis-a-Vis test setup involves which of the following?
• Diplopia on PRA testing is typically associated with which finding?
• What is the primary focus of Advanced Binocular Vision (ABV)?
• NRA and PRA tests measure which option below?
• Which pair of tests are commonly used to assess fusion and suppression in binocular vision?
• Which two components are central to binocular vision in ABV?
• Panum's fusional area is defined as:
• What is the purpose of applying the plus addition after balancing NRA and PRA?
• What is the practical consequence of ARC in long-standing strabismus?
• How does ABV testing differ when performed in children versus adults?
• What describes the NRA endpoint criterion?
• What is the actual ortho separation in Brewster distance?
• Placing prisms in front of the eyes causes the viewed object to be projected onto which retina area?
• Which statement best describes the TV trainer in anti-suppression therapy?
• Which combination of factors tends to produce a higher PRA?
• Accommodative convergence is the portion of vergence driven by which response?
• During monocular accommodative facility testing, which card size and rule of change should be used?
• Under binocular accommodative facility testing, when should you discontinue the procedure?
• In ABV, sensory fusion refers to:
• Using the balancing formula Add = (NRA + PRA)/2 + BCC, if NRA = +2.25 and PRA = -1.25 measured through a +0.50 add, what is the calculated add?
• Which is the minimum Hofstetter formula for near accommodative amplitude in terms of age?
• Reduced amplitude of accommodation (PRA) is considered reduced when which value is met?
• In Amblyomaze, what indicates suppression when using the red and green stimuli?
• PFV testing typically involves which method?
• Septum: What is one use in binocular testing?
• Which statement best describes Response AC/A?
• Proximal vergence refers to which component of vergence?
• Vergence facility is tested with which method?
• Endpoint of BAF?
• Which statement describes reflex accommodation?
• Random Dot Butterfly test has variable acuity ranges of what?
• Van Orden Star: Which statement is true?
• What additional insight does Chirescope tracing provide beyond stability assessment?
• What is diplopia mapping used for in ABV?
• Random Dot E test is used to determine if children are bifoveal.
• Proximal effects of using the Maddox rod can cause the patient to appear to have which misalignment?
• Divergence excess is best described as a pattern where:
• Which vergence measure describes the amount of convergence that must be stimulated from the resting position to fuse?
• In Brewster stereoscope near setting, which is true?
• Base-in prisms produce what impact on near tasks?
• Balancing NRA and PRA requires noting whether measurements are taken from which starting point?
• Morgans norms describe what?
• Which statement is true regarding the velocity of accommodation after vision therapy?
• In children, which accommodative disorders are most commonly observed?
• Suppression is neural inhibition of one eye's image to avoid diplopia; which statement best describes how it is detected clinically?
• Which statement best describes Stimulus AC/A?
• What is the typical amount of time required to train accommodative therapy?
• What is the term for perceived image size difference between eyes that can impair fusion and stereoacuity?
• Prism therapy for convergence insufficiency (CI) helps by?
• What is a key characteristic of Biocular accommodative therapy?